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Submitting Manuscripts to the Review of Agricultural Economics

(PDF version)

CONTENTS:
Submission Guidelines

Step 1. Manuscript Formatting
Step 2. Making Footnotes Come Out Right for RAE
Step 3. RAE Style and Reference Guide
Step 4. Instructions on How to Submit Electronically
Step 5. How to Create PDFs
Step 6. Submitting an RAE Article

Submission Guidelines

Please follow the steps outlined in preparing your manuscript for submission to the RAE.
All articles submitted to the Review of Agricultural Economics (RAE) for consideration and review should be sent through the RAE's electronic submission system. Articles will be sent for review according to the double-blind referee process. To protect their anonymity in the review process, authors should not identify themselves in the manuscript.

Conditions. Submission of a paper will be held to imply that (a) the material in the manuscript has not been published, is not being published or considered for publication elsewhere, and will not be submitted for publication elsewhere unless rejected by the journal editor or withdrawn by the author(s); (b) material in the manuscript, so far as the author(s) knows, does not infringe upon other published material covered by copyright; (c) the author's (s') employer, if any, either does not assert an ownership interest in the manuscript or is willing to convey such interest to the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA); and (d) submission of the manuscript gives the AAEA exclusive rights to publish, copyright, and allow or deny reproduction of it, in whole or in part. If the applicability of point (a) is unclear, the author(s) must provide an explanation in the cover letter.

Article length. The RAE Co-editors will not consider for publication any manuscript exceeding 30 double-spaced pages, including footnotes, tables, figures, and references. The limit for teaching and learning cases is 20 pages. In addition, model documentation and other supporting materials may be submitted with the manuscript to facilitate the review process.

Resubmission deadline. Some authors may be asked to revise and resubmit their article based on reviewer comments. Authors should prepare a list of answers that correspond to the individual reviewer comments. In addition, articles must be resubmitted within six months of the date of the editor's notification letter. Please advise John Beghin at beghin@iastate.edu if you intend to revise and resubmit.

Text preparation. See Manuscript Formatting instructions.

Page charge. Major support for the RAE comes from page charges of $95 per printed page or a fraction thereof, payable by the supporting institution or granting agency. Payment does not affect acceptance, scheduling, or form of publication. Instructions for payment are sent with galley proofs.

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Step 1. Manuscript Formatting

  • Please make sure all manuscripts adhere to the style and formatting instructions below.
  • An example RAE article: Buccola, S. and Y. Xia. "The Rate of Progress in Agricultural Biotechnology." Review of Agricultural Economics, vol. 26, no. 1 (Feb. 2004); pp. 3-18.
  • Once the manuscript is formatted correctly, please read the electronic submission instructions.

Formatting Instructions:

Effective May, 2004--Authors's identification and title page. To protect their anonymity in the review process AUTHORS SHOULD NOT IDENTIFY THEMSELVES ON THE TITLE PAGE OR IN ANY HEADERS. A SEPARATE TITLE PAGE MUST BE SENT AS AN ATTACHMENT TO THE EDITORS via the online submission management system and should include: (a) title; (b) author(s) name(s); (c) name, address, phone and fax numbers, and email address of the author serving as the contact person; (d) date of submission of the manuscript.

Text preparation:

  • Style. Follow The Chicago Manual of Style, by the University of Chicago Press and previous issues of the RAE for style.

  • Text.
    • Double-space all material, including footnotes, tables, and references in 8 ½ x 11-inch format.
    • Use 12-point Times New Roman or a similar type style and size.
    • All headings and subheadings are flush left. Provide short headings for each section and subsection. Do not number sections or subheads. Section headings are denoted in bold and subsection headings, in italics.
    • Use character formatting-ie., formatting you can do on single characters or word (bold for vectors and matrices, italic for variables, superscript, subscript). Do not use your processor's other special features (auto footnote placement, table editors, etc.) Tables are most translatable when created manually with tabs, rather than formatted with a table editor.
  • Data and documentation. Authors are expected to document their data sources, models, and estimation procedures as thoroughly as possible, and to make the data used available to others for replications purposes. If, for legal or proprietary reasons, the data cannot be made available to all potential users, this limitation should be noted in the cover letter.

  • Mathematical notation. Use only essential mathematical notation because it is costly to typeset and may limit the readership. Avoid using the same character for both superscripts and subscripts or using capital letters for such, and avoid overbears, tildes, carets, and other modifications or standard type. Asterisks, primes, and small English letter superscripts are suitable.

  • Math typesetting. If possible, use Symbol font for the mathematical notation in the manuscript. Refrain from use of embellished letters (dots, bars, tildes, carets). Run equations into text if at all possible (rather than displaying). Simplify notation to avoid costly typesetting; e.g., a stacked fraction is preferably changed to a one-line form (such as a = hx/n). For more math notation that must be displayed, the Journal prefers use of the Microsoft Word Equation Editor or Mathtype, a senior version of Microsoft Word's Equation Editor. Other methods of math typesetting may be used, but will be reset by RAE for publication, and thus must be carefully proofread.

  • Figures and tables. Place each table and figure on a separate page at the end of the paper. Double-space all material and omit vertical rules in tables. Each table and figure must have a legend. Place legends for tables at the top of the table, flush left, and bold. Legends for figures should be at the bottom, flush left, and bold.

    Table and figure titles should be as descriptive as possible. Titles should be in bold and only the first word should be capitalized (except if the title contains a proper noun, etc.). For example:

    Figure 1. Public and private agri-food research expenditures in Canada

    Table 1. Professional person years (ppy) devoted to Canadian agri-food, 1998

  • Lowercase the words "table" and "figure" in the text unless, of course, they appear at the beginning of a sentence.

    For papers accepted for publication, figures are usually scanned for electronic placement in the layout. Electronic copies of figures may be sent, saved as encapsulated postscript (eps) files, on a separate disk; however, hard copy printouts of figures must still accompany the final accepted paper. Hard copies should be at least two times the expected print size that will appear in the Journal. Very fine lines will sometimes disappear in print, as at least a one-point line thickness is recommended.

  • Endnotes. Number endnotes consecutively throughout the paper, not page by page. Type all endnotes, double-spaced and in numerical order, on a separate page following the article. Endnotes should be only explanatory and not for citations or for directing the reader to a particular work. Such information can be incorporated into the text.
  • References and citations. Place "References," alphabetized by author, in a list at the end of the paper.

    • References should include month as well as year of publication when available; e.g., Amer. J. Agr. Econ. 73(May 1991):345-60.
    • Only cited works may be included in the reference list. All citations should appear in the text and contain the author's name and page numbers when necessary. Citations can be inserted parenthetically; e.g., (Doe, p. 5). Specify the date of publication if the same author appears more than once in the reference list; e.g., (Doe 1971, p. 5). If the author's name appears as part of a sentence, a parenthetical reference is unnecessary unless page numbers or dates are needed.
    • Use "et al." only with four or more authors. Do not use "et al." in the reference section. See for a reference/citation style sheet.
      • See Step 3. RAE Reference Guide (pdf)
      • Abstract. Please submit an abstract of 100 words or less. The abstract should give a clear idea of the line of reasoning in the paper and the main conclusions made. Abstracts should not include equations, diagrams, footnotes, or parenthetical references, but may include numbers.

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Step 2. Making footnotes come out right for RAE
by Angie Erickson

While editing your manuscript,

  1. Choose "Normal" view, not "Page Layout."
  2. Go to "Insert" and "Footnotes."
  3. Click "Options."
  4. If you have not already done so, "Convert" all Footnotes to Endnotes.
  5. Place at: "End of Section," (start at: "1"; numbering: "continuous").
  6. Close Footnote window.
  7. At the end of your text (before the references and tables), insert a page break.
  8. After the page break, insert a (Next page) section break. The section break will place the footnote page at the end of the section (before the references and tables).

Note: If you have an "underline" mark at the top of your footnote page, under "View," choose "Footnotes." At the top of the footnote window, choose "All Endnotes." Again, at the top of the window, choose "Endnote separator." Highlight and replace with the word "Footnotes." If your footnotes are more than one page, choose "Endnote continuation separator." Highlight and delete. The formatting of footnotes, references, and tables should stay intact.

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Step 3. RAE Style and Reference Guide
RAE style generally follows the University of Chicago Manual of Style, (14th edition.)

General Guidelines

  • Use semicolons to separate references only when needed when there is internal punctuation for more than two authors or page numbers are included; otherwise, just use commas.
    • Examples: Martin; Zwart; Smith (three references)
    • Martin, Zwart, and Smith (one reference)
    • Martin and Zwart; Smith and Jones (two references)
  • Use year in citation only when there is more than one entry for that author(s) in the reference section.
  • "Et al." is used in citations only for four or more authors. Do not italicize. Do not use in reference section unless there are more than seven authors.
  • 3-em dash for author's name means author(s) are exactly the same as preceding reference.
  • List titles alphabetically, not chronologically, for same author.
  • Use letter by letter alphabetization, except for "Mc" names, which are alphabetized as "Mac". "de___" comes under "D".
  • When checking citations in text against references, make sure that the authors' names are spelled the same in all places. Also, if there is a year, make sure the year in the citation is the same as the year in the references.

References and Citations, Examples
Do not use et al. in the reference section. Citations should use et al. only when a work has four or more authors.

Book with one author
Black, J.D. Agricultural Reform in the United States. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1929.

Book with two authors
Wold, H., and L. Jureen. Demand Analysis, 3rd. ed. New York: Macmillan Co., 1989.

Forthcoming book
Masters, H.E. Land Grant Colleges Today, vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Co., forthcoming.

Author and editor
Timmer, C.P. The Impact of Price. George Tolley, ed. Chicago: Ballinger Press, 1975.

Editor as author
Harriss, C.L., ed. The Good Earth of America. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Paper delivered at a meeting and not published
Blakley, L. "Domestic Food Costs." Paper presented at AAEA annual meeting, College Station TX, 4 - 8 August 1974.

Article in a book
Sjaastad, L. "Occupational Structure and Migration Patterns." Labor Mobility and Population in Agriculture. Earl O. Heady, ed., pp. 8 - 27. Ames IA: Iowa State University Press, 1971.

Article in a journal that numbers pages consecutively throughout the year
(Be sure page numbers of articles are included.)

Ezekiel, M. "A Statistical Examination of the Problem of Handling Annual Surpluses of Nonperishable Farm Products." Journal of Farm Economics 11 (1929):193 - 226.

Article in a journal that uses an issue number rather than a volume number or article in a journal that begins numbering at p. 1 in each issue.
Addo, N.O. "Employment and Labor Supply on Ghana's Cocoa Farms in the Pre- and Post-Aliens Compliance Order Era." Economic Bulletin of Ghana 4 (1972):132 - 36.

Article in a popular magazine
Prufer, O. "The Hopewell Cult." Scientific American, December 1964, pp. 90 - 102.

Forthcoming article
Lambert, P. "Parameters of Social Disintegration." Polit. Sci. Quart., in press.

If two or more books or articles are by the same author or authors, list them alphabetically by title, not chronologically. Use 2M dash only if author name(s) appear exactly the same in the second instance.
Goldberger, A.S. Econometric Theory. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1964.

___. Impact Multiplier and Dynamic Properties of the Klein-Goldberger Model. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1959.

University departmental bulletin
Bucholz, H.E., G.G. Judge, and V.I. West. "A Summary of Estimated Behavior Relations for Agricultural Products in the United States." Dept. Agr. Econ. AERR-57, University of Illinois, 1962.

Working papers
Fishbourne, N., and B. Geagh. "Food Policies and Social Supply." Working paper, Dept. of Agr. Econ., University of California, Davis, 1974.

Unpublished thesis or dissertation
Kuranchie, P.A. "Cost and Returns to Selected Crops in Ghana." MS thesis, University of Ghana, 1971. or …PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, 1964.

Unpublished material
Moore, P. "Academic Development." Unpublished, University of Notre Dame, 1960.

State Agricultural Experiment station bulletin
Heady, E.O., D. McKee, and C.B. Haver. "Farm Size Adjustments in Iowa and Cost Economies in Crop Production for Farms of Different Sizes." Iowa State University Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. No. 428, May 1955.

Departmental bulletin
Heady, E.O., D. McKee, and C.B. Haver. "Farm Size Adjustments." Dept. Agr Econ. Bull. No. 428, Iowa State University, May 1955.

USDA publication with author named
Brown, L.R. Increasing World Food Output: Problems and Prospects. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, ESCS For. Agr. Econ. Rep. 25, April 1965.

USDA publication without an author named
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in Agriculture in 26 Developing Nations, 1948 - 1963. ESCS For. Agr. Econ. Rep. 27, Washington DC, November 1965.

Publication by another government department or agency

Departmental agency
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1964 United States Census of Agriculture, Preliminary Report. Washington DC, April 1966.

Executive agency
U.S. Bureau of the Budget. The Budget of the United States Government for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1964. Washington DC, 1963.

Congressional publication
U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Task Force on Federal Flood Control. A Unified National Program for Managing Flood Losses. Washington DC: House Document 465, 89th Cong., 2nd sess., 10 August 1966.

U.S. Congress, Senate Commission on Commerce. Conversion to the Metric system: Hearings on S1278. Washington DC: 88th Cong., 2nd sess., 9 January 1964, p. 58.

United Nations publication
United Nations. Yearbook of National Accounts Statistics, 1963. New York, 1964.

United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization. Agricultural Commodities, Projections for 1970. Rome, 1962.

Publications by foreign governments or their agencies
Ghana, Republic of, Central Bureau of Statistics. Economic Survey, 1961. Accra: Government Printing Department, 1962.

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Step 4. Instructions on How to Submit Electronically

  • Once your manuscript is formatted correctly (see Manuscript Formatting), you are ready to submit your manuscript electronically for review.

  • Please make sure you review the following instructions/notes for electronic submissions.


  • Authors' identification and title page. To protect their anonymity in the review process, AUTHORS SHOULD NOT IDENTIFY THEMSELVES ON THE TITLE PAGE OR IN ANY HEADERS. A SEPARATE TITLE PAGE MUST BE SENT AS AN ATTACHMENT TO THE EDITORS via the online submission management system and should include: (a) title; (b) author(s) names; (c) name, address, phone and fax numbers, and email address of the author serving as the contact person; (d) date of submission of the manuscript.

  • Instructions: See Step 5. How to Convert Your Manuscript to PDF Format. In order for your manuscript to be handled correctly by the electronic submission system, it must be in PDF format AND it must conform to RAE instructions for creating PDFs.

  • Electronic Submission Information: This form allows you to upload a manuscript, cover letter, or other files or supporting documentation for your submission to Review of Agricultural Economics. This information will be transmitted securely and anonymity will be maintained as your submission is transmitted to referees. Moreover, Adobe(R) Acrobat(R) PDF files will be automatically "cleansed" so that no identifying features will appear in the internal document metadata. Thus submissions will be as anonymous as if sent by hard copy.

However you are responsible for making sure that author names or any other identifying information is purged from your PDF file prior to submission.

  • Submission and verification proceeds in 5 easy steps. It will take about a half a minute of your time.

    • See Step 6. Electronic Submission Form and Author Account Management

  • IMPORTANT NOTE: Please make sure you review your uploaded file(s) to ensure that all math, figures, tables, etc. come through cleanly before approving the final upload.

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Step 5. How to Create PDFs


Note: The software necessary to read Adobe PDF's is available free.

Many documents on this site can be downloaded, read, and printed using free Adobe Acrobat Reader software, which you can download by clicking the icon above.

The information below applies to the creation of PDF files.

Option 1: Adobe Acrobat software

  • Adobe Acrobat is the easiest method to create Adobe PDFs. Although it is not free, it is user-friendly and has an extensive variety of production options.
  • If you do not have this software, you can inquire with your IT staff to see if your institution has a license for Acrobat. The cost for a single user can range from $25 to $100
  • For more information visit: Education - Adobe Acrobat family

Option 2: Adobe's Online PDF Service

Option 3: Use a free online service


More information and helpful links:

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Step 6. Submitting an RAE Article




Copyright 2008, Agricultural & Applied Economics Association.